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Ancient Artifacts: Pacific Rim
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In Search of
Ice Age
Americans

Overview | Lanceolate & Fluted Points | Stemmed Points | Microblades | More

The Chukchi, native people of the far northeast Siberian area called Chukotka, are linked genetically to people of Eastern Asia and Northwest North America. Archaeological research in this vast region, including the types of stone and other tools and their dating, gives insights on the origins of the Chukchi, Koryak, Siberian and American Eskimo or Inuit, Northwest Coast Indians, and the peopling of the New World.

Here are archaeological resources for Siberia,Alaska, and Northwest America useful in understanding Chukchi origins.

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Exploring the
Ice Age

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Journey Through
the Ice Age
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The Paleolithic
of Siberia
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Prehistoric America:
A Journey Through the Ice Age and Beyond
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The Shaman's Coat:
A Native History
of Siberia

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The Journey of Man:
A Genetic Odyssey

Overview of Ancient Northern Cultures   [ Top ]

Archaeological sites in Siberia such as Mal'ta & Buret near Irkutsk, with rich finds,Denisova Cave, more on Malta, Tolbaga in Transbaikal, Dyuktai Culture

Circumpolar History Timetables: charts showing glacial periods, human migrations for Eurasia and North America, 140,000 BP to the present

Early Modern Human Culture: including discussion and illustrations of tool types, blades, burins, the first needles, cave art, portable art, weapons, food

Early People in Beringia: linking Siberia and North America through Ice Age migrations, plus Beringian migration routes & Diuktai Cave

Human & Cultural Evolution: fine motor skills, complex tools requiring preplanning, and grammatical language may have evolved together

Journey of Man: geneticist Spencer Wells traces human migrations including Chukchi, Eskimo, Indians around the Northern Pacific Rim

Map of Siberia in Last Ice Age: with human migration paths in Eurasia and into the New World, and complete site, Siberia: Land of Wonders

Paleolithic Origins of the Chukchi: and their Siberian neighbors as well as the Native peoples of the Americas, in-depth guide from WorkingDogWeb

Transition in Northeast Asia Cultures about 10,000 BP: wedge-shaped microblade core technology ends in the Holocene warm period, and Sumnagin culture spreads from Tamyr to Chukotka

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Lithics

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Flintknapping: Making and Understanding Stone Tools
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The Dawn of
Human Culture
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Ainu: Spirit of a
Northern People
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Ascent of Mind:
Ice Age Climates
and the Evolution
of Intelligence

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The First Americans:
In Pursuit of Archaeology's Greatest Mystery

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The Early Settlement
of North America:
The Clovis Era

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Clovis Revisited:
New Perspectives
on Paleoindian Adaptations from
Blackwater Draw,
New Mexico

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Ancient Encounters:
Kennewick Man and
the First Americans

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Ancient People
of the Arctic

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Arctic Adaptations:
Native Whalers &
Reindeer Herders
of Northern Eurasia

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American Beginnings:
The Prehistory and
Palaeoecology
of Beringia

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Native Cultures
in Alaska

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Bones, Boats, and
Bison: Archeology &
First Colonization
of Western
North America

Overview of Ancient Artifacts & Tools   [ Top ]

Blade Tools & Microblades - Upper Paleolithic: illustrated article

Definitions of Stone & Bone Tool Terms: given for Paleoindian and Indian cultures of North America but relevant to ancient artifacts generally

Flintknapping or Stone Tool Making:  including illustrations of cores, flakes and blades, and pressure flaking process

Flintknapping: illustrations of core preparation, prepared cores, blades and microliths among other tools including atlatls, art

Master List of Lithic Types: definitions and pictures of projectile points, burins, scrapers, microliths, microblade cores, axes, other stone tools

Paleoindian Cultures & Timeline: see stone tools from North America and Eurasia arranged by periods including Paleoindian, Paleolithic, Neolithic

Paleolithic Eras & Art: the Lower, Middle and Upper Paleolithic periods explained; cave paintings, ivory sculptures, stone and bone tools pictured, and the dates of the Paleolithic periods and archaeological timelines

Rock Art in Russian Far East & Siberia: a window on ancient cultures, and a comparison of Siberian native art from the Amur River, Chukotka areas

Terminology of Prehistoric Peoples: definitions, diagrams explaining tools, dwellings, more, including the process of creating microblades from cores

Radiocarbon Dating Conversion Chart: 18,000 C14 years ago is calibrated to 21,000 real or calendar years ago; 11 date conversions shown

Lanceolate & Fluted Points    [ Top ]

Mesa Site in the Brooks Range of Alaska: lanceolate point dated to about 10,700 BP and more on Mesa Site & Fluted Points: points found at this site in link early hunters here with Clovis people to the south, and more on Mesa Site & Lime Hills discoveries and Mesa Site points and artifacts

Northern Fluted Points:  similar to Clovis points, from Alaska, Yukon and  Northwest Territories, with chronology of dates, illustrations, a map of sites, chart of Projectile Points of Northwestern Plains for comparison

Alaska:  map of lanceolate point PaleoIndian sites in Alaska, and pictures of three types of stone tools - microblade core, fluted biface and Mesa lanceolate points

Great Basin - Western USA:  earliest projectile points are "Fluted Point Tradition" and "Stemmed Point Tradition." Fluted simple lanceolate points appear to be oldest, dated ca. 11,000 BP.

Clovis Lithic Technology: where did Clovis fluted points come from?

East Wenatchee, Washington: large Clovis points

Douglas County,Washington: largest Clovis points known

Fenn Cache: Clovis points source location unknown, possibly Utah

Kimmswick Site - Missouri: a mastadon kill site with Clovis points

Fulton County - Illinois: eastern style Clovis point

Blackwater Draw Site - New Mexico: Folsom point - another style of fluted point - from a mammoth and bison hunting site

Custer County - Oklahoma: Folsom point

Northwest United States: Clovis, Windust and Cascade tools, cultures

Northwest United States: Cascade series of lanceolate points including example from Marmes Rockshelter in Washington, dated ca 8000 B.P.

Marmes Rockshelter - Washington: types of points, 10,000 - 8,000 B.P.

Clearwater River - Idaho: Cascade points

Point lodged in Kennewick Man: believed to be a Cascade point

Stemmed Points   [ Top ]

Ushki Lake Sites in Kamchatka: Layer 7 with stemmed points but without microblades, dating to 14,000 BP, and Layer 6 dated to 10,700 B.P. with microblades, wedge-shaped microblade cores

Ushki Lake Projectile Point:  stemmed point found in Layer 7

Common History of Development in Bering Sea Region: including parallels between Ushki Lake artifacts in Kamchatka and sites in Alaska

Microblades & Microblade Cores   [ Top ]

Asia to Alaska Microblade Distribution: Alaska's Denali, Paleoarctic or Beringian Tradition, with microblades, microcores, burins, 10,000 to 8000 B.P., with links to archaeological sites in Kamchatka and Chukotka - Late Ushki and early Ul'khum, the Duiktai Complex of Siberia - and in Japan, northeastern China, Mongolia [and also Northwest Coast of America]

Cores: various types of cores including conical microblade cores

Beringia: description plus a map showing ancient archaeological sites and possible interior and coastal routes from Siberia to North America

Shandong in China: microblades and microblade cores found here link northeast China to northeast Siberia and the New World; pictures

Transbaikal in Siberia: microblades and core found at Studenoe-2 site east of Lake Baikal, dated ca. 17,900 B.P., with pictures

Mt. Yatsugatake in Japan: lithics artifacts sections shows microblades and microblade cores found here on Honshu, dated ca. 13,000 BP, and also investigations at nearby Yadegawa site, its microblades pictured

Hokkaido in Japan: microblades and core found on Japan's northern island, south of Sakhalin, and more about early humans on Hokkaido

Sakhalin Island in Siberia: microblades and core shown from the Sokol site here, south of Kamchatka, north of Japan, dated ca. 18,000 BP

Ushki Lake Sites in Kamchatka: Layer 7 with stemmed points but without microblades, dating to 14,000 BP, and Layer 6 dated to 10,700 B.P. with microblades, wedge-shaped microblade cores

Anangula in the Aleutians:  Anangula's microblades link it to Alaskan Paleoarctic and Siberian Dyuktai traditions; located near Umnak Island, eastern Aleutians; fine wedge-shaped core and microblade pictured

Northwest Microblade Tradition & Denali Complex: distribution of microblade tools from Siberia across Alaska and the Yukon [PDF]

Paleolithic Culture Crosses Beringia: Asiatic-derived culture spread across Beringia into Alaska, Yukon with microblades, burins by 10,000 B.P.

Alaska and Northwest Coast: map showing the locations of sites within the American PaleoArctic and Northwest Coast Microblade Traditions

Dry Creek - Alaska: microblade core, microblade, interior Alaska

Nenana & Denali Lithics in Alaska: archaeologists at Moose Creek find Nenana complex tools without microblades dated to 11,190 B.P., later Denali complex with cores and microblades - many illustrations

Prince of Wales Island - Southeast Alaska: a look at obsidian and quartz used for microblades and where the material came from

Gulf of Alaska: illustration of a core, microblade and how the blades were inserted into handles to produce tools with long, sharp edges

Queen Charlotte Islands in British Columbia: Many cores and microblades found at Arrow Creek Site, dated ca. 8200 B.P. [PDF]

Namu - Central British Columbia Coast: replicas of microblade cores found here, with links to other tools from 6000 to 5000 B.P.

Northwest Coast - British Columbia: illustration of how microblades were struck from cores, inserted into handles to produce sharp tools, and another diagram of core and microblade with the parts identified
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A Legacy
of Arctic Art

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Drawing Shadows
to Stone
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Arctic
Archaeology
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Arctic
Hunter
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Ancient People
of the Arctic

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After the Ice Age:
The Return of Life
to Glaciated
North America

Explore Chukchi
Origins: Discoveries
from Genetics

Chukchi, Their Neighbors & Environment

Peopling of the Americas  [ Top ]

Ancient Circumpolar World: with maps of Beringia and its ice shelves, productive hunting territory for early people

Migration Routes to the New World: alternate theories on how early people migrated to North America, with animation of Canada's glaciers

Peopling of the American Continents: including possible coastal entry, supported by Arlington Springs Woman with a 13,000 14C-date, and more on coastal entry to New World 12,000 years ago

People of Yukon's Bluefish Caves: with microblade cores, microblades similar to Siberia's Dyuktai culture, dated to 10,000 BP or older

Peopling of the Americas: two migrations from Siberia, Alaska's Denali complex related to Siberia's Dyuktai complex, plus the Nenana complex

Peopling of the Aleutians:  site's microblades link Anangula to Alaskan Paleoarctic and Siberian Dyuktai traditions; fine example of wedge-shaped core and microblade shown

Paleoamerican Origins:  evidence of the first Americans, their relationship with Eurasian people, timing and number of migrations, likely routes, and a detailed look at Paleoamericans and the peopling of the New World

Paleoindian Origins & Stone Tool Types:  early sites in Western US have Western Stemmed Point assemblages, in addition to Clovis points and other types, suggesting coastal entry into the New World

Native Peoples of Canada:  including ancient links to Beringia, Asia
· Paleoarctic or Beringian Tradition: a culture linking Siberia, Alaska
   and the Yukon as early as 13,000-10,000 BP
· Early Paleo-Eskimo Cultures: culture dated to 2,500 BC in Canada,
   with origins rooted in cultures of Neolithic northeastern Siberia
· Middle Paleo-Eskimo or Dorset Culture: 1,000 B.C. to 500 A.D., an
   era of reduced caribou hunting, increased marine mammal hunting

Eskimo Peoples of North America: including archaeology, history, and a look at the Inuit of Canada and ancestors, the Dorset and Thule people
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Antler on the Sea:
The Yup'ik and Chukchi of the
Russian Far East

Chukchi & Other People of Siberia   [ Top ]

Arctic People including the Chukchi and the Yup'ik, the Eskimo people of Siberia and southwest Alaska, from Arctic Connection

Chukchi & their Neighbors: what anthropology and history tell us about the Chukchi, Koryak, Siberian Eskimo, from WorkingDogWeb

Chukchi Origins: what recent genetic research tells us, through scientific papers on mtDNA and Y chromosome research, from WorkingDogWeb

Peoples of the Russian North and Far East:  resources about the North Pacific peoples including the Chukchi, Koryak, Evenki and more

Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire: info on 85 peoples of Russia and Siberia, Chukchi, Koryak, Itelmen, Eskimo, Yukagir, Evenks

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